MASTER BUDGET

INTRODUCTION

     A budget is a fundamental tool for an event director to predict with reasonable accuracy whether the event will result in a profit, a loss or will break-even. A budget can also be used as a pricing tool.

There are two basic approaches or philosophies when it comes to budgeting. One approach focuses on mathematical models, and the other on people.

The first school of thought believes that financial models, if properly constructed, can be used to predict the future.

The focus is on variables, inputs and outputs, drivers and the like. Investments of time and money are devoted to perfecting these models, which are typically held in some type of financial spreadsheet application.

The other school of thought holds that it’s not about models, it’s about people. No matter how sophisticated models can get, the best information comes from the people in the business. The focus is therefore in engaging the managers in the business more fully in the budget process, and building accountability for the results.

The companies that adhere to this approach have their managers develop their own budgets. While many companies would say that they do both, in reality the investment of time and money falls squarely in one approach or the others.

The process of calculating the costs of starting a small business begins with a list of all necessary purchases including tangible assets (for example, equipment, inventory) and services (for example, remodeling, insurance),working capital, sources and collateral. The budget should contain a narrative explaining how you decided on the amount of this reserve and a description of the expected financial results of business activities. The assets should be valued with each and every cost. All other expenses are like labour factory overhead all freshmen expenses are also included into business budgeting.

Definition of a Budget  

    Is a quantitative expression of a plan of action.

       Is a tool aids managers in both their planning and control functions

       A budget provides a comprehensive financial overview of planned company operations.

      Also Budget represents the Entity’s Goals and objectives

Benefits of Budgets:

    1- Compels managers to think ahead by formalizing their responsibilities for planning.

2- Provides an opportunity to reevaluate existing activities and evaluate new ones.

3-Provides definite expectation that are the best framework for judging subsequent performance.

4- Aids managers in communicating objectives and coordinating actions across the organization. 

Human Relations Problems::

       1.  Low levels of participation in the budget process and Lack of acceptance of responsibility for the final budget.

      2.  Incentives to lie and cheat in the budget process.

      3.  Difficulties in obtaining accurate sales forecasts.

Sales Forecasting:

A sales forecast is a prediction of sales under a given set of conditions.

Sales forecasts are usually prepared under the direction of the top sales executive.

The sales budget is the result of decisions to create conditions that will generate a desired level of sales.

Factors to Consider When Forecasting Sales:

1-    General  economic  conditions

2-    Competitors’ actions

3-    Changes in the firm’s prices

4-    Changes in product mix

5-    Advertising and sales promotion plans

6-    Market research studies

7-    Past patterns of sales

8-    Estimates made By sales force

Types of Budgets based on their purposes:

Strategic plan                     Long-range planning               Master budget

Capital budget                      Continuous budget

TU MBS second year routine 2069

Tribhuvan University published the examination routine of master second year 2069

Posted Date: 24 Sep, 2012

Category: Tribhuvan University

Author: kcbimal.blogspot.com

Tribhuvan University Office of the controller of examination today published the examination schedule of master second year faculties of humanities, management, science and education for the students appearing for the examination of both old and new course, Regular or Private, partial or full examination 2068.

Time : Morning 11:00Am to Day 3:00Pm

Routines for MBS.

2069/08/12(New course ) MSC 502 Production and Operations Management

(old course) MSC 604 Decision support system /ACC-612 Adcance Auditing/MGT-622 International Business/FIN-632 Capital sturucture Mgmt./MKT-642 Consumer Behaviour

2069/08/17 (New course ) MGT 505 Stragetic Manement and Busines Environment

MGT-506(old course) Enterpreneurship Development

2069/08/22(New course ) MGT-506 Enterpreneurship Development

(old course)Business policy and environment

2069/08/27(New course ) MSC 603 Management information system, Profit planning and control,Small business mangaement, Foundation of finincial theory, Services Marketing strategies

(old course)labour relation , Int.Marketing, Multi Corp.finance,Total quality mgmt

2069/09/02(New course ) Decision support system,Advanced Auditing,International business,Capital sturcture management,Consumer behaviour

(old course)Tax law and tax planning,Organizational Dev. Investments , Marketing research, Productivity management

2069/09/08 (New course ) Productivity management,Tax laws and tax planning,Organizational behaviour,Investment management,Marketing research

(old course)Management information system,Profit planning and control,Small business mgmt, Foundation of Financial Theory , Service marketing

2069/09/16(New course ) Total quality mgmt,Accounting theory and finincial reporting, Labour relations, Financial institutions and Markets, Global Marketing

(old course)Production and operations mgmt

2069/09/22 (New course ) Multinational Corporate finance,Strategic brand mgmt

(old course)Financial institutions and markets

2069/09/26 (New course ) Assets Management

Routines for MPA

2069/08/14(New course ) Research Methods in public administration

(old course) Urban development ,Comperative Perso.Adm of SARRC countries,Accountiong systems in Nepal.

2069/08/19 (New course) Golbal Governance

(old course) Dev.Plan,labour policy and Adm. In nepal, Auditing system in nepal.

2069/08/25(New course ) Contemporary issues in Public Affairs Management

(old course)Public policy analysis

2069/09/01(New course ) Public Finance,

(old course) Public enterprise management and social responsibility

2069/09/06(New course ) Administrative system in nepal

(old course)International administration

2069/09/11(New course ) Public enterprise management

(old course) Contemporary issues in public affairs management

2069/09/18(New course ) Planning and project management ,Human resource development,Rural development, Civil society governance and management, Public policy analysis

(old course) Project management, Human resources development,Tax admn In nepal

2069/09/24(New course ) Study on human development , Personnel administration in nepal and SAARC countries , Urban governance and development management,NGOS and development in Nepal, Public policy development and implementation

(old course)Rural Dev, Personnel Adm. In Nepal, Budgeting

Routines for Humanities

2069/08/13(New course ) BS/GS/His/NeHca/Eco/Geog/HSCD./HSFN./JMC./Lib.Sc./MAI./NB./P.S/Pop./Ptg./Sculp./Sans./Hindi./SA, 536/R.D536 “A”(Rural Mkt.&Enterpreneurship Development)/Psy.536 la.

(old course) Buddhist studies/Eco/Eng./Geo./Home science./Hindi./History./JMC./Lib.Sc./Linguistics/Maithali/Nepali/Nepal Bhasa/Ne Hca./Pol.Sc./Pop studies./ Psy./Sanskrit./Socio./Anthro-506/RD-506(A) (Rural political economy of nepal)

2069/08/18(New course) B.S./Eco./GS./Geog./HSFN./JMC./lib.Sc./MAI./Music./NB./P.S./Psy./Pop./R.D./Sans./His/NeHca/Hindi./SA-537

(old course) Buddhist studies/Eco/Eng./Home science./Hindi./History./Lib.Sc./Linguistics/Maithali/Nepali/Nepal Bhasa/Ne Hca./Pol.Sc./Pop studies./ Psy./Sanskrit./Socio./Anthro-507/Geog-513 Remote Sensing &GIS) JMC 511

2069/08/24(New course ) BS./Eco./G.S./Geog./HSCD./HSFN./lib.Sc./MAI./Music/NB./P.S./Psy./His./NeHca./Pop./Sans./Hindi./S.A-538 R.D.538(A) Rural Tourism)

(old course)Buddhist studies/Eco/Eng./Geo./Home science./Hindi./History./Lib.Sc./Lingustics./Maithali./Nepali./Nepal Bhasa./NeHca./Pol.Sc./Pop.Studies./Psy./Sanskrit./-508/Geog.-572(Mountain Env)/Socio./Anthro-511 (Gender studies)

2069/008/29(New coursese) BS/GS/His/NeHca/Eco/Geog/HSCD./HSF./MAI./NB./P.S./Pop./Psy.A.B/His/NeHea/Sans./Hindi/S.A-539, / JMC-539-1/RD539-1,2A,3.

(old course) Buddhist studies/Eco/Eng./Home science./Hindi./History./ Linguistics/Maithali /Nepali/Nepal Bhasa/Ne Hca./Pol.Sc./Pop studies./ Psy./Sanskrit./-509/Geo.-(Reg.Planning)/Geo-581(Population Environment and Dev) R.D.-509(A) (Rural Tourism) /Socio./Anthro./-515 Project Analysis Mgmt.

2069/09/04(New course ) BS./Eco/Geog./JMC./lib.Sc. /MAI./N.B./ ./P.S /His./NeHca./ Sans. /Hindi.-540/JMC-539-2

(old course) Buddhist studies/Eco/Eng.//Hindi./History./Lib.Sc./Maithali/ Nepali/Nepal Bhasa/Ne Hca./Pol.Sc./Psy./Sanskrit./ Linguistics-510/Geo-528(Urban Geo.and Urban Planning)/R.D .510(A) Agriculture and Rural development/ R.D.510(a) Co-operative system/R.D-510(c)(Natural resource management)/Socio./Anthro.-521(Sociology of Agri &Env)

2069/09/09 (New course) RD.536(B)(Rural community dev.)/JMC 539-3/Psy 536 1b

(old course) R.D 536 (B)(Rural community Development/Socio./Anthro-514(Echological and Environmental Anthropology)

2069/09/17(old Course) Geo. 551 (RD .Planning -I )./Socio./Anthro./-516 (Population studies and Anthro)

2069/09/23(New course ) R.D 538(B) Rural Technology and skill development

(old course) JMC-514/JMC-515/Geo-524(Advance Pop. Geo.) / Geo-532 (Environmental Impact Assesment)/ RD-509(B) Rural Tech and skill dev.) /Socio./Anthro.-512 (Anthropology of Natural Resources Management)

2069/09/27 (New course ) R.D 539 2B (Gender and Dev.)

(old course) Geo.561 (Ntural Resource Mgmt). Geo-582 (Gender and )./JMC-517/R.D. 510 B(b) Gender development /Socio./Anthro./513(Anthropology Dev. Process)/Socio./Anthro-522(Sociology Sacrification and Defferentation)

Routines for Law

2069/08/14 (New Course) Law 711 Comparative Jurisprudence-II

2069/08/19 (New Course) Law 712 Nepalese legal system

2069/08/25 (New Course) Law 714 Constitutional law II (civil liberties)

(old course) PA 600 - Public policy analysis

2069/09/01 (New Course) Law 715 Commercial law II

2069/09/06 (New Course) Law 716 International law-II (International human rights and humanitarian law)

(old course) Nepalese legal system-701

2069/09/11 (New Course) Law 717  Criminal law-II (criminology, penology and victiomology)

2069/09/18 (New Course) Law 718 Environmental law II (Comparative environmental law)

(old course) Constitutinal law II - 702 (Civil liberties) / Commer cial law II -703/ International human rights and humanitarian law-704/ Criminal law-708/Comparative environmental law-706 I Refugee law-707

2069/09/24(New Course) Law 719 Refugee law-II

Routines for Education.

2069/08/14(New course ) Eng.Ed.525

(old course) Ed.504(Res.Method)/ English. Ed-504(Res. Method in lang. Edu.)/Nep.ed.505 cg'zGwfg ljlw

2069/08/19 (New course ) Eng.Ed.524/Math.ed.525/Pop.ed.524/Geo.ed.524

(old course) Ed-Psy 505(Meast and Evain.in edu.)/Eng.ed-505(Language testing)

2069/08/25(New course ) Eng.Ed.526/ Nep.ed.526/Math.ed.526/H.ed.526

(old course) Specialization I.ed.PM-551/(Edu Tech and non-formal edu.)/ed.CE 551 (curriculum studies) Spc.Paper)/Eng.ed-551(Semantics and Pragmatics)/Nep.ed-554/H.E.-551(Mgmt.St supervision of school health program)/P.E.551(Mgmt.of Phy.ed and game)/Sc.Ed.561(Ph.chemistry)/Geo.Ed.-551(Geo.of Tourism)/His.ed.-551(Eco.His.of Nepal)/Eco.Ed-551(Fco.of Edu.)/Pol.Sc.ed.-551(Politics of Nepal)/Math.ed.-551(Math. Analysis)

2069/09/01 (New course) Ed.PM.527/Ed.Pm.528/SJE.529/Ed.CE.522/ Eng.ed.527/Eng.ed.528 /Eng.ed.529/ Nep.ed.527/Nep.ed.528/Math.ed.527/Env. Sc527/ H.Ed.527 /P.Ed,527/His.Ed527/, Pop.Ed527 /Eco.Ed.527/Hist. Ed 528/ Geo.Ed.528/, Pol.Sc.Sc.Ed 527

(old course) Specialization II : Ed.PM 552(Mgmt.inf.system and hunman resource mgmt)/Ed.C.E.552(Qualitative Evaluation Reaearch )/ Eng.Ed.552(Applied Lingustics)/ Nep.Ed.555 (kf\of]uLs efiff lj1fgsf k|d'v cfofd . H.E.591(Seminar in Health promotion) / P.E .591(Evaluation in Phy.edu) / Math.ed.561(Number theory and history of math ) / Sc.ed.590(Found of science Edu) / Geo.ed.561(Reg.studied with Ref to Nepal) / Hist.ed.552(History of far east in modem time). /Eco.Ed.561(Int.Eco.) /Pol.Sc.ed.561(Comparative government)

2069/09/06(New course )Ed.PM524/Ed.CE.524/Eng.Ed.591/Nep.Ed.591/Math.Ed.524/Chem.Ed.591/H.eD.524/P.ed.524/Pop.ed.591/Eco.ed.591/Hist.ed.591/Geo/ed.591/ Pol.Sc.ed 591

(old course) Elective subjects only: Ed.P.M.571(Intro.to.Edu.planning) / Ed.C.E.571(curri.studies-551) /Eng.ed-571(Eng.lit.and Lts.Pedagogy) / Eng.ed-573(tranalation theory and practice) / Eng.ed.-575(Second language Acquisition) / Nep.ed.-572( efif la1fgsf k|d'b l;wfGt ) P.E.-571(Advance Histroy of phy.ed) / Math.ed.571(Computer sciecne.edu) / Sc.ed.-571(Environ.Scince) /Geo.ed.-572(Pol.Geo)/Hist.ed.-571(social and culture history of nepal) / Eco.ed.-571 (Rural dev.) /Pol.Sc.ed.-571(Human rights) / Ed.P.M.-572(introduction to educational mgmt) /SJE 571- Social justice.edu) /Ed.P.M-572(introduction to mgmt) / His572/He571(Sexual and Repro.Health)

2069/09/11 (New course) Ed.PM.523/Ed.CE.523/Eng.Ed.523/Nep.Ed 523/ Math.Ed.523/Env.Chem.Ed.523/H.Ed.523/P.Ed.523/Pop.Ed.523/Eco.Ed.523/Hist.Ed.523/Geo.Ed.523/Pol.Sc.Ed.523

(Old course) Specialization IV:Geo.Ed.569(Advance Geography Technique II) / Eng-574(Discourse any.) / Nep.Ed-597(Nepali bhasha byakarna) / Math-592(Qualitative Res.Meth.In Math.Edu)

2069/09/18 (New course) Ed.PM.-522/Ed.CE.522/Eng.Ed.522/Nep.Ed 522/ Math.Ed.522/Chem.Ed.522/H.Ed.522/P.Ed.522/Pop.Ed.522/Eco.Ed.522/Hist.Ed.522/Geo.Ed.522/Pol.Sc.Ed.522

(Old course) Specialization III.Ed.PM.-553(Fin.Of.Edu.)/Eng.Ed.-590(Eng.Language Teaching Meth & Prac.) / Nepali Ed.-590(Nepali bhasha Ra Sahitya Sichan) / H.E.-592(Tech.Health.Edu.) / PE.-592(Curr.Dev & Research in Phy.Edu) / Math.Ed.-590(Recent Trands in Math Edu) / Sc.Ed.-591(Tech.Chem.Edu) / Geo.Ed.-590(Teach.Geog) / His.Ed.-590(Teach His.) / Pol.Sc.Ed.-590(Teach political Science) / Eco.Ed.-590(Teach of Eco.)

2069/09/24 (New course) Ed.521/Eng.Ed.-521

2069/09/29 (New course) Ed.-520/Eng.Ed.-520/NEP.Ed.-505

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Licensed Commercial Banks in Nepal

• Nepal Bank Limited

• Rastriya Banijya Bank

• NABIL Bank Ltd.

• Nepal Investment Bank Ltd.

• Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Ltd.

• Himalayan Bank Ltd.

• Nepal SBI Bank Ltd.

• Nepal Bangladesh Bank Ltd.

• Everest Bank Ltd.

• Bank of Kathmandu Ltd.

• Nepal Credit and Commerce Bank Ltd.

• Lumbini Bank Ltd.

• Nepal Industrial & Commercial Bank Ltd.

• Machhapuchhre Bank Ltd.

• Kumari Bank Ltd.

• Laxmi Bank Ltd.

• Siddhartha Bank Ltd.

• Agriculture Development Bank Ltd.

• Global Bank Ltd.

• Citizens Bank International Ltd.

• Prime Commercial Bank Ltd.

• Bank of Asia Nepal Ltd.

• Sunrise Bank Ltd.

• DCBL Bank Ltd.

• NMB Bank Ltd.

• KIST Bank Ltd.

• Janata Bank Nepal Limited

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